Volume 16, Issue 10 (January 2023)
Qom Univ Med Sci J 2023, 16(10): 804-815 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Sepehrmanesh Z, Ahmadvand A, Rasouli F. Quality of Life of Residents in Hospitals Affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Qom Univ Med Sci J 2023; 16 (10) :804-815
URL: http://journal.muq.ac.ir/article-1-3573-en.html
URL: http://journal.muq.ac.ir/article-1-3573-en.html
1- Department of Psychiatric, Clinical Research Development Unit Matini/Kargarnejad Hospitals, Medicine Faculty, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
2- Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
2- Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Full-Text [PDF 3697 kb]
(292 Downloads)
| Abstract (HTML) (713 Views)
Full-Text: (307 Views)
Introduction
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and then spread around the world. According to previous studies in the field of viral diseases, the occurrence of a sudden and life-threatening disease can cause high pressure on medical staff. Increased workload, fatigue, and insufficient personal protective equipment may have negative effects on the physical and mental health of medical staff. In this study, we aim to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of medical residents in hospitals affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences (KAUMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, medical residents in hospitals affiliated to KAUMS from all medical fields (internal medicine, neurology, infectious diseases, Gynecology, general surgery, neurosurgery, specialized surgery, pathology, pediatrics, anesthesia, and orthopedics) participated in 2021. The inclusion criteria was at least 6 month of residency in different wards. The exclusion criteria were any severe physical illness and a history of psychiatric disorders. Two questionnaires were used. The first one was a demographic form surveying age, sex, field of study, marital status, work experience, and educational level. The second tool was the World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL) which has 26 items and 4 subscales. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22 using parametric or non-parametric tests including chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. Data normality was checked by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Pearson correlation test or Spearman correlation test was used to examine the association of some variables such as age and work experience. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results
Participants were 140 residents in Kashan with a mean age of 32.3±2.9 years. Most of them were female (52.1%) and married (58.6%) with no underlying diseases (89.3%) and had sports/art activities (34.3%). The field of study of the most of participants were pediatrics (15.7%), gynecology (11.4%), radiology (11.4%) and neurology (10.7%) respectively. More than half of the residents (55%) were at 1 and 2 years of residency.
Their physical health had a statistically significant relationship with age, marital status, underlying disease, sports/arts activities, and year of residency. Their psychological health had a statistically significant relationship with marital status, underlying disease, sports/arts activities, and year of residency (P<0.001). Their social relationships had a statistically significant relationship with marital status, underlying disease, and year of residency. Their environmental health had a statistically significant relationship with sex, marital status, underlying disease, and year of residence (P<0.05). Residents in gynecology had a lower QoL, while residents in pathology, neurology and infectious diseases had the highest QoL. Residents in psychiatry had a higher score in the subscale of psychological health.
Discussion
COVID-19 has disrupted the physical, mental and social health of people, especially in health workers who are at the forefront of battle against this disease; hence, the consequences of this disease can more affect their QoL directly or indirectly. In two studies by Lai and Zhang in 2020, it was reported that healthcare workers are more prone to negative psychological consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic compared to others. In Dhawan’ study in 2020 on health workers during the pandemic, the risk of mental health problems was reported higher in them. A study in Spain, showed that 85.6% of medical staff had anxiety, 46% had depression, and 56.6% had symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress were related to female gender, being an specialist, the fear of getting infected. In general, the results of these studies indicate a low level of QoL in health care workers.
The findings of this study showed the significant relationship of physical health with age, marital status, underlying disease, sports/art activities and year of residency; the significant relationship of psychological health with marital status, underlying disease, sports/arts activities and year of residency; the significant relationship of social relationships with marital status, underlying disease and year of residency, and the significant relationship of environmental health with gender, marital status, underlying disease, and year of residency in residents.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
The present study was conducted after obtaining ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Kashan University of Medical Sciences (KAUMS) (Code: IR.KAUMS.MEDNT.REC.1400.151).
Funding
This study was funded by Kashan University of Medical Sciences.
Authors contributions
All authors equally contributed to preparing this article.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank all participants for their cooperation.
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and then spread around the world. According to previous studies in the field of viral diseases, the occurrence of a sudden and life-threatening disease can cause high pressure on medical staff. Increased workload, fatigue, and insufficient personal protective equipment may have negative effects on the physical and mental health of medical staff. In this study, we aim to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of medical residents in hospitals affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences (KAUMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, medical residents in hospitals affiliated to KAUMS from all medical fields (internal medicine, neurology, infectious diseases, Gynecology, general surgery, neurosurgery, specialized surgery, pathology, pediatrics, anesthesia, and orthopedics) participated in 2021. The inclusion criteria was at least 6 month of residency in different wards. The exclusion criteria were any severe physical illness and a history of psychiatric disorders. Two questionnaires were used. The first one was a demographic form surveying age, sex, field of study, marital status, work experience, and educational level. The second tool was the World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL) which has 26 items and 4 subscales. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22 using parametric or non-parametric tests including chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. Data normality was checked by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Pearson correlation test or Spearman correlation test was used to examine the association of some variables such as age and work experience. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results
Participants were 140 residents in Kashan with a mean age of 32.3±2.9 years. Most of them were female (52.1%) and married (58.6%) with no underlying diseases (89.3%) and had sports/art activities (34.3%). The field of study of the most of participants were pediatrics (15.7%), gynecology (11.4%), radiology (11.4%) and neurology (10.7%) respectively. More than half of the residents (55%) were at 1 and 2 years of residency.
Their physical health had a statistically significant relationship with age, marital status, underlying disease, sports/arts activities, and year of residency. Their psychological health had a statistically significant relationship with marital status, underlying disease, sports/arts activities, and year of residency (P<0.001). Their social relationships had a statistically significant relationship with marital status, underlying disease, and year of residency. Their environmental health had a statistically significant relationship with sex, marital status, underlying disease, and year of residence (P<0.05). Residents in gynecology had a lower QoL, while residents in pathology, neurology and infectious diseases had the highest QoL. Residents in psychiatry had a higher score in the subscale of psychological health.
Discussion
COVID-19 has disrupted the physical, mental and social health of people, especially in health workers who are at the forefront of battle against this disease; hence, the consequences of this disease can more affect their QoL directly or indirectly. In two studies by Lai and Zhang in 2020, it was reported that healthcare workers are more prone to negative psychological consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic compared to others. In Dhawan’ study in 2020 on health workers during the pandemic, the risk of mental health problems was reported higher in them. A study in Spain, showed that 85.6% of medical staff had anxiety, 46% had depression, and 56.6% had symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress were related to female gender, being an specialist, the fear of getting infected. In general, the results of these studies indicate a low level of QoL in health care workers.
The findings of this study showed the significant relationship of physical health with age, marital status, underlying disease, sports/art activities and year of residency; the significant relationship of psychological health with marital status, underlying disease, sports/arts activities and year of residency; the significant relationship of social relationships with marital status, underlying disease and year of residency, and the significant relationship of environmental health with gender, marital status, underlying disease, and year of residency in residents.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
The present study was conducted after obtaining ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Kashan University of Medical Sciences (KAUMS) (Code: IR.KAUMS.MEDNT.REC.1400.151).
Funding
This study was funded by Kashan University of Medical Sciences.
Authors contributions
All authors equally contributed to preparing this article.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank all participants for their cooperation.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
روانشناسی
Received: 2022/09/20 | Accepted: 2022/11/23 | Published: 2023/01/1
Received: 2022/09/20 | Accepted: 2022/11/23 | Published: 2023/01/1
References
1. Krystal JH. Responding to the hidden pandemic for healthcare workers: Stress. Nat Med. 2020; 26(5):639. [DOI:10.1038/s41591-020-0878-4] [PMID] [DOI:10.1038/s41591-020-0878-4]
2. Que J, Shi L, Deng J, Liu J, Zhang L, Wu S, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study in China. Gen Psychiatr. 2020; 33(3):e100259.[DOI:10.1136/gpsych-2020-100259] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1136/gpsych-2020-100259]
3. Ranney ML, Griffeth V, Jha AK. Critical supply shortages - the need for ventilators and personal protective equipment during the Covid-19 pandemic. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(18):e41. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMp2006141] [PMID] [DOI:10.1056/NEJMp2006141]
4. Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ, et al. COVID-19: Consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020; 395(10229):1033-4. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0]
5. Carmassi C, Foghi C, Dell'Oste V, Cordone A, Bertelloni CA, Bui E, et al. PTSD symptoms in healthcare workers facing the three coronavirus outbreaks: What can we expect after the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 292:113312. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113312] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113312]
6. Argyle M, Crossland J. The dimensions of positive emotions. Br J Soc Psychol. 1987; 26(2):127-37. [DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00773.x] [PMID] [DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00773.x]
7. Hershberger PJ. Prescribing happiness: Positive psychology and family medicine. Fam Med. 2005; 37(9):630-4. [PMID]
8. Nuss MA, Reger-Nash B, Williams K, Yasek V, Juckett G, Richards T. Medical student perceptions of healthy lifestyles: A qualitative study. Calif J Health Promot. 2014; 2(1):127-34. [DOI:10.32398/cjhp.v2i1.590] [DOI:10.32398/cjhp.v2i1.590]
9. Licciardone JC, Hagan RD. The physical fitness of first-year osteopathic medical students. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1992; 92(3):327-33. [PMID] [DOI:10.1515/jom-1992-920313]
10. Parkerson GR Jr, Broadhead WE, Tse CK. The health status and life satisfaction of first-year medical students. Acad Med. 1990; 65(9):586-8. [DOI:10.1097/00001888-199009000-00009] [PMID] [DOI:10.1097/00001888-199009000-00009]
11. Tjia J, Givens JL, Shea JA. Factors associated with undertreatment of medical student depression. J Am Coll Health. 2005; 53(5):219-24. [DOI:10.3200/JACH.53.5.219-224] [PMID] [DOI:10.3200/JACH.53.5.219-224]
12. Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Huschka MM, Lawson KL, Novotny PJ, Sloan JA, et al. A multicenter study of burnout, depression, and quality of life in minority and nonminority US medical students. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006; 81(11):1435-42.[DOI:10.4065/81.11.1435] [PMID] [DOI:10.4065/81.11.1435]
13. Givens JL, Tjia J. Depressed medical students' use of mental health services and barriers to use. Acad Med. 2002; 77(9):918-21. [DOI:10.1097/00001888-200209000-00024] [PMID] [DOI:10.1097/00001888-200209000-00024]
14. Wolf TM, Kissling GE. Changes in life-style characteristics, health, and mood of freshman medical students. J Med Educ. 1984; 59(10):806-14. [DOI:10.1097/00001888-198410000-00005] [PMID] [DOI:10.1097/00001888-198410000-00005]
15. Aktekin M, Karaman T, Senol YY, Erdem S, Erengin H, Akaydin M. Anxiety, depression and stressful life events among medical students: A prospective study in Antalya, Turkey. Med Educ. 2001; 35(1):12-7.[DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00726.x] [PMID] [DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00726.x]
16. Wolf TM, von Almen TK, Faucett JM, Randall HM, Franklin FA. Psychosocial changes during the first year of medical school. Med Educ. 1991; 25(3):174-81. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00049.x] [PMID] [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00049.x]
17. Testerman JK, Morton KR, Loo LK, Worthley JS, Lamberton HH. The natural history of cynicism in physicians. Acad Med. 1996; 71(10 Suppl):S43-5. [DOI:10.1097/00001888-199610000-00040] [PMID] [DOI:10.1097/00001888-199610000-00040]
18. Sulaiman NS, Choo WY, Mat Yassim AR, Van Laar D, Chinna K, Majid HA. Assessing quality of working life among malaysian workers. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2015; 27(8 Suppl):94S-100. [DOI:10.1177/1010539515583331] [PMID] [DOI:10.1177/1010539515583331]
19. Nejat S, Montazeri A, Holakouie Naieni K, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh S. [The World Health Organization quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire: Translation and validation study of the Iranian version (Persian)]. J Sch Public Health Inst Public Health Res. 2006; 4(4):1-12. [Link]
20. Bahmani B, Tamadoni M, Asgari M. [The study of quality of life and its relation with religious attitude and academic performance of students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran (Persian)]. Teb va Tazkiye. 2004; 53:32-44. [Link]
21. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3(3):e203976. [DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976]
22. Zhang H, Shi Y, Jing P, Zhan P, Fang Y, Wang F. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in healthcare workers after the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak: A survey of a large tertiary care hospital in Wuhan. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 294:113541. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113541] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113541]
23. Teixeira CNG, de Queiroz Rodrigues MI, da Silva RADA, Silva PGB, Frota Barros MMR. Quality of life in dentistry students in the pandemic of COVID-19: A multicentric study. Saud Pesq. 2021; 14(2):247-59. [DOI:10.17765/2176-9206.2021v14n2.e8113] [DOI:10.17765/2176-9206.2021v14n2e9009]
24. Teles MA, Barbosa MR, Vargas AM, Gomes VE, Ferreira EF, Martins AM, et al. Psychosocial work conditions and quality of life among primary health care employees: A cross sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2014; 12:72. [DOI:10.1186/1477-7525-12-72] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1186/1477-7525-12-72]
25. Dhawan S. Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. J Educ Technol Syst. 2020; 49(1):5-22. [DOI:10.1177/0047239520934018] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1177/0047239520934018]
26. Barreto FS, Feitosa ADNA, de Carvalho Baldacara RP, Baldacara L, de Assis EV, Silva JBNF. Predictors of quality of life among Brazilian medical students during second coronavirus wave. med Rxiv. 2021. [Unpublished] [DOI:10.1101/2021.10.27.21265581] [DOI:10.1101/2021.10.27.21265581]
27. Duarte I, Teixeira A, Castro L, Marina S, Ribeiro C, Jácome C, et al. Burnout among portuguese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20(1):1885. [DOI:10.1186/s12889-020-09980-z] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1186/s12889-020-09980-z]
28. Wolf TM. Stress, coping and health: Enhancing well-being during medical school. Med Educ. 1994; 28(1):8-17; discussion 55-7. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1994.tb02679.x] [PMID] [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1994.tb02679.x]
29. Tempski P, Bellodi PL, Paro HB, Enns SC, Martins MA, Schraiber LB. What do medical students think about their quality of life? A qualitative study. BMC Med Educ. 2012; 12:106.[DOI:10.1186/1472-6920-12-106] [PMID] [PMCID] [DOI:10.1186/1472-6920-12-106]
30. Messina G, Quercioli C, Troiano G, Russo C, Barbini E, Nisticò F, et al. Italian medical students quality of life: Years 2005-2015. Ann Ig. 2016; 28(4):245-51. [DOI:10.7416/ai.2016.2103] [PMID]
31. Pagnin D, de Queiroz V. Comparison of quality of life between medical students and young general populations. Educ Health. 2015; 28(3):209-12. [DOI:10.4103/1357-6283.178599] [PMID] [DOI:10.4103/1357-6283.178599]
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Owned by Qom University of Medical Sciences
Published by Qom University of Medical Sciences Press
eISSN: 2008-1375
pISSN: 1735-7799
Email: journal[at]muq.ac.ir
j.mua.ac[at]gmail.com
