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Pilechaie S, Zarei H, Nasehi M. Effect of Oral Gavage of Fish Oil on the NR1 and NR2 Protein Levels in Hippocampus of Male Rats With Total Sleep Deprivation. Qom Univ Med Sci J 2024; 18 : 2762.1
URL: http://journal.muq.ac.ir/article-1-3605-en.html
URL: http://journal.muq.ac.ir/article-1-3605-en.html
1- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad university, Pishva, Iran.
2- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ,h.zarei@iautmu.ac.ir
3- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ,
3- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Introduction
Today, sleep deprivation has become a serious problem, and the number of people who regularly suffer from sleep deprivation due to work pressures and psychosocial stress is increasing. Sleep is important for body recovery, energy conservation, body temperature regulation, and tissue recovery. Sleep deprivation leads to impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory and emotional memory and increases anxiety. Accordingly, the hippocampus is highly sensitive to the effects of sleep deprivation. Therefore, sleep deprivation has a negative effect on learning and long-term potentiation (LTP), which is a type of synaptic plasticity. The negative effects of sleep deprivation on synaptic plasticity occur due to changes in signaling molecules and AMPA and NMDA receptors. NDMA receptors are composed of NR1, NR2 and NR3 subunits. Since the role of omega-3 in cognitive processes and mental health has been confirmed in previous studies, in the present study, we aim to assess the effect of fish oil on the level of NR1 and NR2 proteins in the hippocampus of male rats with total sleep deprivation.
Methods
In this study, 25 male Wistar rats (200±30 g) were used. The rats were randomly divided into five groups including: Control, sham, sleep deprivation (24 hours), sham + fish oil, and sleep deprivation + fish oil. Fish oil was administrated by gavage before and 8 hours after entering into the sleep deprivation device. To investigate the changes in the level of NR1 and NR2 proteins, the hippocampus region of the rats was isolated and homogenized. Western blot technique was used to qualitatively and quantitatively identify NR1 and NR2 proteins in protein solution isolated from brain tissue.
Results
There was no significant difference in the relative expression of NR1 protein in the hippocampus between sham and control groups. Consumption of fish oil increased the expression of NR1 protein by 62.8% compared to the control group. The expression level of this protein in the sleep deprivation group was not significantly different from the control group, but the NR1 protein expression in the hippocampus region of the sleep deprivation + fish oil group increased by 50% compared to the sleep deprivation group.
There was no significant difference in the relative expression of NR2 protein in the hippocampus of sham and control groups. Treatment with fish oil increased the expression of NR2 protein by 83.3% compared to the control group. In addition, the level of NR2 protein in the sleep deprivation group showed no significant difference compared to the control group, but the level of this protein in the hippocampus of the sleep deprivation + fish oil group increased by 116.7% compared to the sleep deprivation group.
Conclusion
Considering the significant increase in the level of NR1 and NR2 proteins after administration of fish oil in male rats, it can be concluded that fish oil can play a protective and therapeutic role in controlling and improving the effects of stress that reduce the expression of these proteins in other areas of the brain.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
The present research was carried out in compliance with the ethical standards in biological research.
Funding
The present research is taken from the master's thesis of Shima Pilehchayie, approved by Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Varamin Pishva Branch.
Authors contributions
All authors had equal participation in the design, execution and writing of all parts of this research.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
The authors express their gratitude to the Research Vice-Chancellor of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Pishwa Branch for supporting this study.
Today, sleep deprivation has become a serious problem, and the number of people who regularly suffer from sleep deprivation due to work pressures and psychosocial stress is increasing. Sleep is important for body recovery, energy conservation, body temperature regulation, and tissue recovery. Sleep deprivation leads to impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory and emotional memory and increases anxiety. Accordingly, the hippocampus is highly sensitive to the effects of sleep deprivation. Therefore, sleep deprivation has a negative effect on learning and long-term potentiation (LTP), which is a type of synaptic plasticity. The negative effects of sleep deprivation on synaptic plasticity occur due to changes in signaling molecules and AMPA and NMDA receptors. NDMA receptors are composed of NR1, NR2 and NR3 subunits. Since the role of omega-3 in cognitive processes and mental health has been confirmed in previous studies, in the present study, we aim to assess the effect of fish oil on the level of NR1 and NR2 proteins in the hippocampus of male rats with total sleep deprivation.
Methods
In this study, 25 male Wistar rats (200±30 g) were used. The rats were randomly divided into five groups including: Control, sham, sleep deprivation (24 hours), sham + fish oil, and sleep deprivation + fish oil. Fish oil was administrated by gavage before and 8 hours after entering into the sleep deprivation device. To investigate the changes in the level of NR1 and NR2 proteins, the hippocampus region of the rats was isolated and homogenized. Western blot technique was used to qualitatively and quantitatively identify NR1 and NR2 proteins in protein solution isolated from brain tissue.
Results
There was no significant difference in the relative expression of NR1 protein in the hippocampus between sham and control groups. Consumption of fish oil increased the expression of NR1 protein by 62.8% compared to the control group. The expression level of this protein in the sleep deprivation group was not significantly different from the control group, but the NR1 protein expression in the hippocampus region of the sleep deprivation + fish oil group increased by 50% compared to the sleep deprivation group.
There was no significant difference in the relative expression of NR2 protein in the hippocampus of sham and control groups. Treatment with fish oil increased the expression of NR2 protein by 83.3% compared to the control group. In addition, the level of NR2 protein in the sleep deprivation group showed no significant difference compared to the control group, but the level of this protein in the hippocampus of the sleep deprivation + fish oil group increased by 116.7% compared to the sleep deprivation group.
Conclusion
Considering the significant increase in the level of NR1 and NR2 proteins after administration of fish oil in male rats, it can be concluded that fish oil can play a protective and therapeutic role in controlling and improving the effects of stress that reduce the expression of these proteins in other areas of the brain.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
The present research was carried out in compliance with the ethical standards in biological research.
Funding
The present research is taken from the master's thesis of Shima Pilehchayie, approved by Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Varamin Pishva Branch.
Authors contributions
All authors had equal participation in the design, execution and writing of all parts of this research.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
The authors express their gratitude to the Research Vice-Chancellor of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Pishwa Branch for supporting this study.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
ژنتیک
Received: 2022/11/10 | Accepted: 2023/08/16 | Published: 2024/04/29
Received: 2022/11/10 | Accepted: 2023/08/16 | Published: 2024/04/29
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