Volume 17, Issue 1 (8-2023)
Qom Univ Med Sci J 2023, 17(1): 129-141 |
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Ethics code: IR.MUQ.REC.1399.298
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Rasouli H, Gharlipour Z, Koohpaei A, Mohamadbeigi A. Evaluating the Effect of Educational Intervention on the Modification of High-Risk Job Behaviors in Patients With Brucellosis in Rural Areas of Arak County, Iran Based on the Family-Centered Empowerment Model. Qom Univ Med Sci J 2023; 17 (1) : 1619.1
URL: http://journal.muq.ac.ir/article-1-3720-en.html
URL: http://journal.muq.ac.ir/article-1-3720-en.html
1- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran.
2- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran. ,GharlipourZ@yahoo.com
3- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran.
4- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran.
2- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran. ,
3- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran.
4- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran.
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Introduction
Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in Iran, and several organizations and health institutions are in charge of dealing with it. Brucellosis is one of the important causes of abortion in livestock. According to the World Health Organization, about 500000 people are diagnosed with brucellosis every year, and its real number may be much higher. The average annual incidence of brucellosis in Iran is 21 cases per 100000 people. The most important part of disease control and prevention is educating all populations, especially high-risk groups. Since Markazi Province in Iran is an endemic area of brucellosis, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of educational intervention using the family-centered empowerment model in modifying high-risk behaviors in patients with brucellosis living in rural areas of Arak County, Markazi Province, Iran, in 2021.
Methods
The present research was a quasi-experimental interventional study. The study patients were selected by random block method; 44 were included in the intervention group and 44 in the control group. Data collection tools and methods included a questionnaire about the family-centered empowerment model, consisting of two parts. The first part collected demographic information. The second part included knowledge, attitude, perceived severity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and behavior. The data collection process was carried out through a researcher-made questionnaire and simultaneously in two intervention and control groups during two stages before the educational intervention and two months after the educational intervention. Data were analyzed at each stage. After data collection, data analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 25, and the significance level of the tests was considered 0.05. Descriptive statistics (tables and graphs) were used to describe the data, and inferential statistics, including appropriate parametric statistical tests such as the independent t test, paired t test, and Chi-square test, were used. Before data analysis, their normality was confirmed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (P<0.05).
Results
The response rate of the study was 100%. The mean patients' age was 42.57±19.79 years. This study placed 34 men and 10 women in the intervention and control groups. Most patients were in the age group above 40 years. Regarding education level and job, most patients had primary and secondary school education and were rancher-farmers. A comparison of the mean scores of family-centered empowerment model constructs in the participants before and after the educational intervention indicated that the educational intervention could significantly increase the mean scores of the constructs in the intervention group. According to the results, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, perceived severity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and behavior of the intervention and control groups before the intervention (P<0.05). In contrast, the difference between the scores was statistically significant after the educational intervention (P>0.05). The results indicated that the mean difference in knowledge was 24.31in the intervention group and 0.15 in the control group, the behavior score was 43.81in the intervention group and 1.36 in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P>0.001).
Conclusion
The research findings indicated a significant increase in the mean knowledge scores of the intervention group after the educational intervention. Consistent with the findings of the present study, Babazadeh et al. [15] studied brucellosis patients in Chaldoran, and Karimi et al. investigated rural women in Zarandieh villages and reported that educational interventions had a significant effect on increasing the knowledge of the intervention group compared to the control group.
In the present study, there was a significant increase in the mean scores of attitudes in the intervention group compared to the control group after the educational intervention. The findings were consistent with the results of the Orouji et al. [19] study on the villagers in Khomein City, Iran, about brucellosis prevention behaviors, as well as studies by Babazadeh et al. [15] and Jin et al. [17]; Attitude is a mental process that determines potential and actual activities and can predict behavior. Therefore, paying attention to attitudes in educational interventions to affect behavior seems necessary.
The research findings indicated that the perceived severity of the intervention group significantly increased compared to the control group after the educational intervention, and this result was consistent with studies by Eskandari et al. [21], Karimi et al. [16], Babaei et al. [22], and Aligol et al. [23].
The results showed a significant increase in the mean self-esteem scores of the intervention group compared to the control group after the educational intervention. Consistent with the results of the present study, Babazadeh et al. [15] and Hassanpour et al. [25] reported that educational intervention significantly improved self-esteem.
Bandura believed self-efficacy was an essential component of an individual's performance because it was an independent part of their basic skills. The results of the educational program implementation indicated that the intervention group's perceived self-efficacy increased significantly compared to the control group. The results were consistent with studies by Babazadeh et al [15], Eskandari et al. [21] and Aligol et al. [23].
In the present study, the mean scores of brucellosis prevention behaviors significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group after the educational intervention. The results were consistent with those of Eskandari et al. [21] and Babaei et al [22].
The results indicated that educational intervention based on the family-centered empowerment model could effectively increase knowledge, thereby improving brucellosis prevention behaviors.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qom University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.MUQ.REC.1399.298).
Funding
This study was funded by Qom University of Medical Sciences.
Authors contributions
Collecting, editing data, entering information in the software, and writing: Rasouli Hadi; Writing introduction and discussion: Zabiholah Gharlipour and Alireza Koohpaei; Methodology, data analysis, and extraction of results: Abolfazle Mohamadbeigi.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank all participants for their cooperation in this research.
Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in Iran, and several organizations and health institutions are in charge of dealing with it. Brucellosis is one of the important causes of abortion in livestock. According to the World Health Organization, about 500000 people are diagnosed with brucellosis every year, and its real number may be much higher. The average annual incidence of brucellosis in Iran is 21 cases per 100000 people. The most important part of disease control and prevention is educating all populations, especially high-risk groups. Since Markazi Province in Iran is an endemic area of brucellosis, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of educational intervention using the family-centered empowerment model in modifying high-risk behaviors in patients with brucellosis living in rural areas of Arak County, Markazi Province, Iran, in 2021.
Methods
The present research was a quasi-experimental interventional study. The study patients were selected by random block method; 44 were included in the intervention group and 44 in the control group. Data collection tools and methods included a questionnaire about the family-centered empowerment model, consisting of two parts. The first part collected demographic information. The second part included knowledge, attitude, perceived severity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and behavior. The data collection process was carried out through a researcher-made questionnaire and simultaneously in two intervention and control groups during two stages before the educational intervention and two months after the educational intervention. Data were analyzed at each stage. After data collection, data analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 25, and the significance level of the tests was considered 0.05. Descriptive statistics (tables and graphs) were used to describe the data, and inferential statistics, including appropriate parametric statistical tests such as the independent t test, paired t test, and Chi-square test, were used. Before data analysis, their normality was confirmed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (P<0.05).
Results
The response rate of the study was 100%. The mean patients' age was 42.57±19.79 years. This study placed 34 men and 10 women in the intervention and control groups. Most patients were in the age group above 40 years. Regarding education level and job, most patients had primary and secondary school education and were rancher-farmers. A comparison of the mean scores of family-centered empowerment model constructs in the participants before and after the educational intervention indicated that the educational intervention could significantly increase the mean scores of the constructs in the intervention group. According to the results, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, perceived severity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and behavior of the intervention and control groups before the intervention (P<0.05). In contrast, the difference between the scores was statistically significant after the educational intervention (P>0.05). The results indicated that the mean difference in knowledge was 24.31in the intervention group and 0.15 in the control group, the behavior score was 43.81in the intervention group and 1.36 in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P>0.001).
Conclusion
The research findings indicated a significant increase in the mean knowledge scores of the intervention group after the educational intervention. Consistent with the findings of the present study, Babazadeh et al. [15] studied brucellosis patients in Chaldoran, and Karimi et al. investigated rural women in Zarandieh villages and reported that educational interventions had a significant effect on increasing the knowledge of the intervention group compared to the control group.
In the present study, there was a significant increase in the mean scores of attitudes in the intervention group compared to the control group after the educational intervention. The findings were consistent with the results of the Orouji et al. [19] study on the villagers in Khomein City, Iran, about brucellosis prevention behaviors, as well as studies by Babazadeh et al. [15] and Jin et al. [17]; Attitude is a mental process that determines potential and actual activities and can predict behavior. Therefore, paying attention to attitudes in educational interventions to affect behavior seems necessary.
The research findings indicated that the perceived severity of the intervention group significantly increased compared to the control group after the educational intervention, and this result was consistent with studies by Eskandari et al. [21], Karimi et al. [16], Babaei et al. [22], and Aligol et al. [23].
The results showed a significant increase in the mean self-esteem scores of the intervention group compared to the control group after the educational intervention. Consistent with the results of the present study, Babazadeh et al. [15] and Hassanpour et al. [25] reported that educational intervention significantly improved self-esteem.
Bandura believed self-efficacy was an essential component of an individual's performance because it was an independent part of their basic skills. The results of the educational program implementation indicated that the intervention group's perceived self-efficacy increased significantly compared to the control group. The results were consistent with studies by Babazadeh et al [15], Eskandari et al. [21] and Aligol et al. [23].
In the present study, the mean scores of brucellosis prevention behaviors significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group after the educational intervention. The results were consistent with those of Eskandari et al. [21] and Babaei et al [22].
The results indicated that educational intervention based on the family-centered empowerment model could effectively increase knowledge, thereby improving brucellosis prevention behaviors.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qom University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.MUQ.REC.1399.298).
Funding
This study was funded by Qom University of Medical Sciences.
Authors contributions
Collecting, editing data, entering information in the software, and writing: Rasouli Hadi; Writing introduction and discussion: Zabiholah Gharlipour and Alireza Koohpaei; Methodology, data analysis, and extraction of results: Abolfazle Mohamadbeigi.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank all participants for their cooperation in this research.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
آموزش بهداشت
Received: 2023/04/19 | Accepted: 2023/07/9 | Published: 2023/08/1
Received: 2023/04/19 | Accepted: 2023/07/9 | Published: 2023/08/1
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