1. Malhi GS, Mann JJ. Depression. Lancet. 2018; 392(10161):2299-312. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31948-2] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31948-2]
2. Lee CW, Liao CH, Lin CL, Liang JA, Sung FC, Kao CH. Increased risk of osteoporosis in patients with depression: A population-based retrospective cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015; 90(1):63-70. [DOI:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.11.009] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.11.009]
3. Heim C, Binder EB. Current research trends in early life stress and depression: Review of human studies on sensitive periods, gene-environment interactions, and epigenetics. Exp Neurol. 2012; 233(1):102-11. [DOI:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.032] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.032]
4. World Health Organization (WHO). Depression and other common mental disorders: Global health estimates [Internet]. 2017 [Updated 2017 January 3]. Available from: [Link]
5. Rajabi GR. [Psychometric properties of Beck depression inventory short form items (BDI-13)(Persian)]. J Iran Psychol. 2005; 1(4):28-35. [Link]
6. Hemmati F, Sarokhani D, Sayehmiri K, Motadayen M. [Prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Persian)]. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2018; 21(3):90-102. [DOI:10.22038/ijogi.2018.11068]
7. Saei Gharenaz M, Ozgoli G, Aghdashi MA, Salmany F. [Relationship between depression and osteoporosis in women (Persian)]. Urmia Med J. 2015; 26(1):10-6. [Link]
8. Oh SM, Kim HC, Ahn SV, Rhee Y, Suh I. Association between depression and bone mineral density in community-dwelling older men and women in Korea. Maturitas. 2012; 71(2):142-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.11.007] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.11.007]
9. Kanis JA. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: Synopsis of a WHO report. WHO Study Group. Osteoporos Int. 1994; 4(6):368-81. [DOI:10.1007/BF01622200] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1007/BF01622200]
10. Rosenblat JD, Gregory JM, Carvalho AF, McIntyre RS. Depression and disturbed bone metabolism: A narrative review of the epidemiological findings and postulated mechanisms. Curr Mol Med. 2016; 16(2):165-78. [DOI:10.2174/1566524016666160126144303] [PMID] [
DOI:10.2174/1566524016666160126144303]
11. Lips P, van Schoor NM. Quality of life in patients with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2005; 16(5):447-55. [DOI:10.1007/s00198-004-1762-7] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1007/s00198-004-1762-7]
12. Mezuk B, Eaton WW, Golden SH. Depression and osteoporosis: Epidemiology and potential mediating pathways. Osteoporos Int. 2008; 19(1):1-12. [DOI:10.1007/s00198-007-0449-2] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1007/s00198-007-0449-2]
13. Chau K, Atkinson SA, Taylor VH. Are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors a secondary cause of low bone density? J Osteoporos. 2012; 2012:323061 [DOI:10.1155/2012/323061] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1155/2012/323061]
14. Ramasubbu R, Beaulieu S, Taylor VH, Schaffer A, McIntyre RS; Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT)Task Force. The CANMAT task force recommendations for the management of patients with mood disorders and comorbid medical conditions: Diagnostic, assessment, and treatment principles. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012; 24(1):82-90. [PMID]
15. Ramasubbu R, Taylor VH, Samaan Z, Sockalingham S, Li M, Patten S, et al. The Canadian network for mood and anxiety treatments (CANMAT)task force recommendations for the management of patients with mood disorders and select comorbid medical conditions. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012; 24(1):91-109. [PMID]
16. Kallala R, Barrow J, Graham SM, Kanakaris N, Giannoudis PV. The in vitro and in vivo effects of nicotine on bone, bone cells and fracture repair. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2013; 12(2):209-33. [DOI:10.1517/14740338.2013.770471] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1517/14740338.2013.770471]
17. Kaidanovich-Beilin O, Cha DS, McIntyre RS. Crosstalk between metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders. F1000 Biol Rep. 2012; 4:14. [DOI:10.3410/B4-14] [PMID] [PMCID] [
DOI:10.3410/B4-14]
18. Graff LA, Walker JR, Bernstein CN. Depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of comorbidity and management. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009; 15(7):1105-18. [DOI:10.1002/ibd.20873] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1002/ibd.20873]
19. Carter MI, Hinton PS. Physical activity and bone health. Mo Med. 2014; 111(1):59-64. [PMID] [PMCID]
20. DiVasta AD, Gordon CM. Exercise and bone: Where do we stand? Metabolism. 2013; 62(12):1714-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.016] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.016]
21. Mead GE, Morley W, Campbell P, Greig CA, McMurdo M, Lawlor DA. Exercise for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008; (4):CD004366. [DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD004366.pub3] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD004366.pub3]
22. Hsiao MC, Liu CY, Wang CJ. Factors associated with low bone density among women with major depressive disorder. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2012; 44(1):77-90. [DOI:10.2190/PM.44.1.f] [PMID] [
DOI:10.2190/PM.44.1.f]
23. Drosselmeyer J, Rapp MA, Hadji P, Kostev K. Depression risk in female patients with osteoporosis in primary care practices in Germany. Osteoporos Int. 2016; 27(9):2739-44. [DOI:10.1007/s00198-016-3584-9] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1007/s00198-016-3584-9]
24. Zabihi Yeganeh M, Jahed S, Rajaei A, Amini H. [The relationship between major depression and bone density (Persian)]. Res Med. 2008; 32(4):267-70. [Link]
25. Derakhshan S, Salehi R, Reshadmanesh N. [Prevalence of osteoporosis, osteopenia and their related factors in post-menopausal women referring to Kurdistan densitometry center (Persian)]. Sci J Kurdistan Univ Med Sci. 2006; 11(2):59-67. [Link]
26. Safari R, Aghaei M, ShadpourRashti H, Bazrafshan H, Qorbani M. [Prevalence of osteoporosis and its association with demographic characterirstics-Gorgan, Iran (Persian)]. Hormozgan Med J. 2011; 15(1):56-62. [Link]
27. Jamshidian-Tehrani M, Kalantari N, Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A, Rajaie A, Houshiar-rad A, et al. [Osteoporosis risk factors in Tehrani women aged 40-60 years (Persian)]. Iran J Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 6(2):139-45. [Link]
28. Michelson D, Stratakis C, Hill L, Reynolds J, Galliven E, Chrousos G, et al. Bone mineral density in women with depression. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335(16):1176-81. [DOI:10.1056/NEJM199610173351602] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1056/NEJM199610173351602]
29. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO scientific group on the assessment of osteoporosis at primary health care level. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004. [Link]
30. Govender C, Du Plessis AM, Bipath P, Povey D, Viviers G, Viljoen M. Bone density and depression in premenopausal South African women: A pilot study. Afr J Psychiatry. 2010; 13(1):58-60. [DOI:10.4314/ajpsy.v13i1.53431] [PMID] [
DOI:10.4314/ajpsy.v13i1.53431]
31. Cizza G, Ravn P, Chrousos GP, Gold PW. Depression: A major, unrecognized risk factor for osteoporosis? Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 12(5):198-203. [DOI:10.1016/S1043-2760(01)00407-6] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1016/S1043-2760(01)00407-6]
32. Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Paul I, Hansenne M, Ansseau M. Depressive vulnerability is not an independent risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 1999; 33(2):133-7. [DOI:10.1016/S0378-5122(99)00057-2] [PMID] [
DOI:10.1016/S0378-5122(99)00057-2]